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Electronically Filed

Jun 30 2021 01:24 p.m.

Elizabeth A. Brown

Clerk of Supreme Court

 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA

 

Supreme Court Case No. 82559

District Court Case No. 09OC005791B

 

 

Mark Forsberg, Esq., NSB 4265

Rick Oshinski, Esq., NSB 4127

OSHINSKI & FORSBERG, LTD.

504 E. Musser Street, Suite 202

Carson City, NV 89701

T 775-301-4250 | F 775-301-4251

rick@oshinskiforsberg.com

mark@oshinskiforsberg.com

Attorneys for Appellant

 

 

REZA ZANDIAN, A/K/A GOLAMREZA ZANDIANJAZI, A/K/A GHOLAM REZA ZANDIAN, A/K/A REZA JAZI, A/K/A J. REZA JAZI, A/K/A G. REZA JAZI, A/K/A GHONOREZA ZANDIAN JAZI, an individual,

            Appellant,

vs.

 

JED MARGOLIN, an individual,

            Respondent.

 

________________________________/

 

REPLY TO RESPONDENT’S OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO TAKE JUDICIAL NOTICE (NRAP 27(a)(4))

 

 

 

COMES NOW Appellant, Reza Zandian, A/K/A Golamreza Zandianjazi, A/K/A Gholam Reza Zandian, A/K/A Reza Jazi, A/K/A J. Reza Jazi, A/K/A G. Reza Jazi, A/K/A Ghonoreza Zandian Jazi (“Appellant” and/or “Zandian”), by and through his attorneys, Oshinski & Forsberg, Ltd., and hereby replies to Respondent’s Opposition to Motion to Take Judicial Notice pursuant to NRAP 27(a)(4).

 

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SUMMARY OF REPLY

 

The district court’s Order granting Appellant’s Motion to Void Deeds, Assign Property, for Writ of Execution and to Convey (the “Order”) is void because the underlying judgment is void due to the expiration of the limitations period provided by NRS 11.190(1)(a). Judge Beesley of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Nevada examined the facts and found that the default judgment that was recorded did not create a lien that could executed upon because an affidavit of judgment was not recorded at the time the judgment was recorded as required by NRS 17.150(4). See Exhibit 1 to Motion to take Judicial Notice. The Order, which is the subject of this appeal, depends entirely upon the existence of a properly created lien upon which execution may be had. Accordingly, Respondent’s claim that the bankruptcy case is not closely connected to this appeal is nonsense. Moreover, the current motion does not request that the Supreme Court review the outcome of the bankruptcy case, but merely to take judicial notice of the facts reflected in the bankruptcy court pleadings. Finally, the fact that the Motion to Void Deeds, Assign Property, for Writ of Execution and to Convey was not opposed in the district court is not relevant to whether this court should take judicial notice of facts capable of verification from a reliable source and, in any event, sworn testimony concerning Judge Beesley’s ruling is contained in the record.

 

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ARGUMENT

 

1. The Bankruptcy Case is Closely Connected to this Appeal.

 

Respondent contends that this appeal is not closely connected to the bankruptcy case because “none of the issues in the bankruptcy cases…were litigated in Respondent’s Motion to Void Deeds, Assign Property, For Writ of Execution and To Convey, which is the sole subject of this appeal.” Opposition to Motion to Take Judicial Notice at p. 2. To accept this conclusion, one must necessarily ignore the fact that Respondent’s motion could not have been validly granted without a valid underlying judgment.

 

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In his motion before the district court, Respondent requested the order “to be applied toward satisfaction of the judgment.” 13 ROA 3168 [emphasis added]. The district court granted the motion but was not aware that the underlying judgment had expired. Judge Beesley specifically found that Respondent had failed to strictly comply with Nevada law concerning the creation of judgment liens on real property.

 

For this reason, the bankruptcy court held that no lien was created, and any sales carried out in the absence of a lien were void.[1]

 

A judgment lien can be created only by strict compliance with the timing requirements of NRS 17.150(4). Leven v. Frey, 123 Nev. 399, 168 P.3d 712 (2007) (holding that specific timing requirements in a statute with no grace period require strict compliance). A lien expires by operation of law if the judgment is not renewed within the six-year period. Evans v. Samuels, 119 Nev. 378, 75 P.3d 361, 363 (2003). A judgment creditor must file a compliant affidavit of renewal under NRS 17.214 prior to the judgment’s expiration by limitation and must record the judgment within three days thereafter to effectively complete the renewal process. Worsnop v. Karam, 458 P.3d, 353 (table)(2020). In each instance, strict compliance with the statute is required.

 

The district court could not have issued the Order without the presence of a valid judgment lien created in strict compliance with NRS 17.150(4). Judgment liens are a product of centuries of statutes which authorize a judgment creditor to seize and sell the land of debtors at a judicial sale to satisfy their debts out of the proceeds of the sale. In re Upset Sale, Tax Claim Bureau of Berks Co., 479 A.2d 940, 943 (Penn. 1984). The judgment lien represents security for the underlying

__________________

 

[1]  While it is true that the bankruptcy court later voided its own order granting summary judgment, the facts upon which the judgment were based have not and will not change. Respondent did not strictly comply with Nevada law by filing an affidavit of judgment as required by NRS 17.150(4). Margolin’s affidavit of renewal cannot be deemed to “cure” the failure to record the affidavit because it does not contain the information required of an affidavit of judgment.

 

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debt and conveys a right of execution to the judgment creditor in satisfaction of his debt. Id., citing Commonwealth v. Meyer, 169 Sup. Ct. 40, 82 A.2d 298 (Penn. 1951); see also, All Seasons Services, Inc. v. Guildner, 89 Conn. App. 781, 878 A.2d 370 (Conn. App. 2005).

 

Because the underlying judgment lien was void at the time of the district court’s entry of the Order, the Order allowing execution is also void. This court should therefore take judicial notice of the bankruptcy court’s factual determinations because the facts are capable of accurate and ready determination by resources (the public record maintained by each county recorder) whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned. Mack v. Estate of Mack, 125 Nev. 80, 206 P.3d 98, 106 (2009), citing NRS 47.150(1).

 

2. The Motion Does Not Request the Supreme Court to Review the Actions of the Bankruptcy Court.

 

Respondent complains that the instant motion seeks a review by this court of the actions of the United States Bankruptcy Court. The motion does no such thing. The instant motion merely requests this court take judicial notice of certain facts which are readily available from resources whose accuracy cannot be reasonably questioned. This court is authorized pursuant to its own holdings to take judicial notice of records in a different case where there is a close relationship between the two cases. As set forth above, the issue in the bankruptcy case and the issue here is whether there was a valid judgment lien which the district court could enforce by virtue of the Order. The court is not being asked to review, affirm or reverse the actions of the bankruptcy court, which it plainly cannot do, but merely to take notice of certain facts judicially found.

 

3. The Fact that Appellant Did Not Oppose Respondent’s Motion Below is Not Relevant to Whether this Court Should Take Judicial Notice.

 

In his opposition, Respondent argues that the two cases cannot be closely connected because Appellant never opposed Respondent’s motion at the district

 

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court level. While that statement may be factually correct, it has nothing to do with whether this court should take judicial notice of readily ascertainable and verifiable facts. Respondent has cited no authorities which hold that the Supreme Court’s ability to take judicial notice is limited to matters which actually appear in the record on appeal. Accordingly, this argument is irrelevant. Nevertheless, as set forth below, there is evidence in the record which suggests that the judgment expired before the Order was entered by the district court.

 

4. There was Evidence Before the District Court Showing that the Judgment was Void.

 

Respondent asserts that the instant motion should be denied because the issue is being raised for the first time on appeal and cites several cases for said proposition. However, this court has found exceptions to this rule in appropriate cases. For example, in Smithart v. State, 86 Nev. 925, 478 P.2d 576 (1970), the Supreme Court observed that it is a general rule that failure either to utilize the statutory procedures to raise the question prior to trial or to object at the trial of the case will preclude appellate consideration of the issue when presented on appeal. 478 P.2d at 579. Nevertheless, the Smithart court considered the new matter because it was grounded on constitutional questions that the court is obligated to consider on appeal. On several other occasions, this court has held that new matter can be considered where the error is so unmistakable that it reveals itself upon a review of the record. Howarth v. El Sobrante Mining Corp., 87 Nev. 492, 489 P.2d 89 (1971); Williams v. Zellhoefer, 89 Nev. 579, 517 P.2d 789 (1973); Riverside Casino v. JW Brewer Co., 80 Nev. 153, 390 P.2d 232 (1964); Perkins v. Perkins (In re Estate of Walker), 460 P.3d 31 (table)(Nev. App. 2020); see also Thurston v. Thurston, 87 Nev. 365, 487 P.2d 342 (1971). In this case the failure of the underlying judgment appears in the record.

 

On May 2, 2019, Respondent Margolin filed and recorded an affidavit of renewal of judgment in the district court. 14 ROA 3498. Margolin’s sworn statement

 

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stated at section 10 that the bankruptcy court had declared the sheriff’s deeds based on the default judgment void ab initio on July 20, 2018. 14 ROA 3502-03. Margolin also represented to the district court that he intended to appeal the bankruptcy court order declaring the sheriff’s deeds void ab initio. Id. at 3503. No evidence appears in the record of the district court proceeding demonstrating that the matter had been appealed and/or that the judgment lien had been properly created. Simply put, the district court was on notice that the judgment lien was no longer valid, and Respondent provided no evidence to the district court demonstrating that the judgment had not become stale. Respondent himself placed the issue of the bankruptcy court order declaring the judgment lien void before the district court; he cannot now argue that the substance of that order and its findings of fact should not be judicially noticed by this court, even though district court failed to recognize the dispositive nature of the order or the facts supporting it.

 

CONCLUSION

 

Based upon the foregoing and all the papers and pleadings on file herein, Appellant respectfully requests this honorable court to take judicial notice of the bankruptcy pleadings set forth in the motion.

 

Dated this 30th day of June, 2021.

 

OSHINSKI & FORSBERG, LTD.

By /s/ Rick Oshinski, Esq.

Rick Oshinski, Esq., NSB 4127

Attorneys for Appellant

 

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

 

I certify that and that on June 30, 2021, I filed a true and correct copy of the foregoing Reply to Respondent’s Opposition to Motion To Take Judicial Notice (NRAP 27(a)(4)) with the Clerk of the Court through the Court’s CM/ECF system, which sent electronic notification to all parties as follows:

 

Arthur A. Zorio

Matthew Francis

Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck

5371 Kietzke Lane

Reno, NV 89511

Attorneys for Respondent

 

/s/ Linda Gilbertson

Linda Gilbertson